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Newspapers: Ownership, Marketing & Distribution, Audience, Regulatory Bodies

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Tabloid  - The Sun Broadsheet - The Independent Ownership  Russian oligarch Alexander Lebedev took ownership of The Independent in 2010 The Sun is owned by News UK who are part of the American mass media conglomerate called 'News Corp'. Rupert Murdoch is the executive chairman. Marketing and distribution  The Independent  The last printed edition was published March 2016 and now is only available in digital format Homepage of website uses pop-up adverts and sponsorship as source of revenue Revenue from subscription service, annual or monthly payments Twitter account with 2.6mil followers  The Sun  Youtube channel with 77k subscribers  TV adverts not focusing on news element  Above-the-line billboards  Website with pop-up adverts relating to articles  Twitter account with 1.4mil followers Target audience  The Sun C2DE  Male 35+ The Independent  ABC1 Majority of readers v...

Kerrang! Readership

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Market possibilities : The way in which institutions believe that their brand or product can expand into another medium as a cross-media product or spin-off. Gap in the marke t: The identification of a group of potential customers who are not yet purchasing a product, or the realisation by an institution that there is a need for a new product of brand. Circulation : The number of people who purchase print product. Demographics Target age of 15-24, giving a mean age of 19.5 years old  59% male audience, leaving 41% being female Targets the C2, D and E NRS social grades. As this audience have a lower disposable income, they may be less likely to purchase a magazine. Kerrang! retails at £2.30 How can the uses and gratifications theory be applied to Kerrang! magazine? Individuals may consumer Kerrang! as a source of information. This would be as the magazine contains content on relevant events such as concerts. Readers may also use the magazine to satis...

Kerrang! Textual analysis

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How have production techniques been used to create meaning? (12) In the issue of 'Kerrang!' magazine focusing on the band "My Chemical Romance', production techniques such as use of camera have been used to create meaning. One way in which this is done is in the main image of the band's lead singer, Gerard Way. A close-up shot type is used here. This type of shot creates an intense atmosphere, linking to the rock genre in which the magazine concentrates on. The camera also uses an eye-level angle. This angle creates an invasive and intimate atmosphere due to the proximity to the singer. The use of camera angle allows the readers to gain a feeling of closeness and connection to the band's lead. This feeling links into the Uses and Gratification's theory (Bumler and Katz) of why audiences consume media. In this case, it would be for entertainment e.g. escapism. The production technique of mise-en-scene is also used to create meaning. This can be seen ...

Kerrang! Ownership

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Bauer Media  Kerrang! magazine, website and music awards was sold by Bauer Media Group to Wasted Talent in April 2017. Bauer Media retained ownership of Kerrang! radio whilst Box Plus Network owns Kerrang! TV Bauer Media is an example of a conglomerate as it owns Kerrang! Magazine, Kerrang! Radio, MOJO Magazine, Empire Magazine, Kiss FM and Magic FM  A conglomerate is a company which owns, other, smaller companies involved in mass media enterprises ( e.g. TV, radio, publishing) Jerry Perkins of Mixmag Media on Kerrang! Magazine  Bauer Media retained the right in the UK and Europe 'to continue broadcasting Kerrang! Radio and Kerrang! TV' Was important to keep Kerrang! in print as it is 'the soul of the brand' but will 'move to a digital video-first strategy with facebook and google to build an international audience' Moving Kerrang! from a weekly to monthly magazine magazine was a better use of editorial resources, the magazine didn't need to be...

Kerrang! Advertising

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Potential advertising methods Social media; instagram, snapchat, facebook, twitter Billboards Flyers Television  Sponsorship; festivals  Radio Word of mouth  David Ganntlet's Web 2.0 - Consumers of media become prosumers through interactive involvement with the internet. Traditional advertising  TV ad 2002 Print advertising for Kerrang! tour  K! tour is advertised in the magazine its self, cross-media promotion/synergy  Digital adverting Youtube channel 67,000 subscribers Links to website Links to social media Links to magazine website for subscriptions  Includes interviews and links to K! Pit  Social media  Facebook - Links to sponsored websites, encourages people to be prosumers through sharing content, events calendar; events are promoted based on friend's interests (below-the-line personalised advertising) Twitter - Hyperlink to Newsstand website to purchase magazine, hyperlink to kerrang! websi...

Film audiences

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Frozen  Budget of $150,000,000 Gross of $400,738,009 in USA Worldwide gross of $1,276,480,335  PG due to adult humour, frightening or intense threat, drug and alcohol references. 81% of audience upon opening weekend were families  Animated and young adult films offer a simple, pure form of escapism for millennials at a time of political and financial unrest. There is no moral ambiguity or uncertain endings in movies. Street Dance 3D  Budget of £3,500,000 £2,493,948 made on opening weekend in UK PG  World's End  Budget of $20,000,000 $26,004,851 made on opening weekend in USA Worldwide gross of $46,089,287 Rated 15 due to sex references, strong language, fantasy violence Blamer and Katz - Uses and Gratifications  An audience wants to: Be informed or educated Identity with characters of the situation in the media environment  Simple entertainment  Enhance social interacti...

Film analysis and theory

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Key terms:  Verisimilitude - How real and believable the world of the story appears to the audience Diegesis/ diegetic world - The world in which the film takes place Juxtaposition - Placing opposite objects next to each other to create meaning Narrative theory - Theories that categories narratives and find features common to them Theories  Levi-Strauss and Binary Opposition Theorised that since all cultures are products of the human brain, there are features which are common and shared to all   Majority of narratives in media (films, books, movies) contain juxtaposing main characters to thicken the  plot   Narrative tension in media is based on opposition or conflict, can be physical fights or ideological differences Examples of binary opposites; good vs evil, peace vs war, young vs old, civilised vs savage, protagonist vs antagonist, humanity vs technology, ignorance vs wisdom, man vs nature etc  Vladimir Propp  Russian sovi...